The fluorescence of pHrodo dye increases significantly as the pH decreases from neutral to acidic, making it an excellent tool for studying phagocytosis and its modulation by drugs and/or environmental factors. The dye is non-fluorescent outside the cells and eliminates the need for washing steps and quenching of the dye. Once internalized, the dye is strongly fluorescent in the acidic endosomal and lysosomal environment, enabling rapid assay development and confirming results when studying phagocytic pathways and their regulation by drugs and/or environmental factors. Therefore, pHrodo Red dye conjugates can be used in microplate readers, fluorescence microscopy imaging, and flow cytometry applications.

pHrodo Red S. aureus BioParticles Conjugate (Cat. No. A10010) for measuring phagocytosis provides fast and accurate results. pHrodo Red dye conjugate is non-fluorescent outside the cell but exhibits strong red fluorescence in phagosomes. pHrodo Red E. coli BioParticles Conjugate for Assaying Phagocytosis (Cat. No. P35361) detects phagocytosis and endocytosis, reduces signal variability and improves timing in sensitive experiments, and works with a variety of blue, green, and distant Red dyes are used in combination with reporter genes (such as GFP, Fuo-4, Calcein, NucBlue, CellEvent Caspase 3/7 green, Mitosox Green and Mitotracker Deep Red, etc.) for multi-channel detection. The excellent absorption and maximum fluorescence emission wavelengths of pHrodo Red BioParticles conjugates are approximately 560 nm and 585 nm, respectively. However, the 488 nm argon ion laser installed on most flow cytometers can easily excite fluorophores.

The pHrodo Red E. coli BioParticles Phagocytosis Assay Kit for Flow Cytometry (Cat. No. A10025) is designed to quickly and conveniently measure the phagocytic activity of whole blood samples by flow cytometry analysis. This kit contains all reagents needed to assess microparticle uptake and red blood cell lysis.

pHrodo Deep Red dye is a low background pH sensor dye that has no signal under neutral conditions and only fluoresces when exposed to an acidic environment. pHrodo Deep Red dye helps better distinguish internalized substances outside the cell because it has a pKa of approximately 5 and does not fluoresce until it enters late endosomes and lysosomes. pHrodo Deep Red dye is detectable using the Cy5 fluorescence filter assembly and is validated for use in a variety of applications, including flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and high-content analysis (HCA) and high-throughput screening (HTS). It can also be used with a variety of blue, green and red dyes and reporter genes (such as GFP and RFP, Mitosox Green or Red, CellEvent Caspase 3/7 Green or Red, NucBlue or TMR, etc.) for multi-channel detection.

pHrodo Deep Red E. coli BioParticles Conjugate for Detection of Phagocytosis (Cat. No. P35360) is a no-wash, low background, fluorescent reagent developed for the study of phagocytosis in live cell systems. . The conjugate is nonfluorescent outside the cell but exhibits deep red fluorescence in phagosomes. The low pKa of the pHrodo Deep Red E. coli BioParticles conjugate eliminates non-specific signals from non-internalized species and is fluorescent only in late endosomes and lysosomes.

pHrodo Green dye conjugates, such as pHrodo Red and pHrodo Deep Red dye conjugates, provide faster and more accurate results than other phagocytosis tests. pHrodo Green dye conjugate has no fluorescence under neutral extracellular pH environment, but exhibits strong green fluorescence under medium acidic pH environment in phagosomes. Use ready-to-use pHrodo Green S. aureus BioParticles Conjugate (Cat. No. P35367) and pHrodo Green Zymosan BioParticles Conjugate (Cat. No. P35365) to detect phagocytosis in imaging, HCA, HTS, and flow cytometry applications.

These pHrodo conjugate products include sufficient reagents for 100 assays using 100 µL per well of a 96-well plate and are available with a variety of blue, red, and far-red dye reporters ( Such as Mitosox Red, CellEvent Caspase 3/7 Red, NucBlue, RFP, RFP, RFP and Mitotracker Deep Red, etc.) used together for multi-channel detection.

pHrodo Red Zymosan BioParticles conjugate (Cat. No. P35364) is also available, and pHrodo Green dye is available as a conjugate to E. coli BioParticles (Cat. No. P35366).